HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) — The warning from the ratings agency could not have been more direct: The parent company of the Mohegan Sun faces a “wall of debt” due early this year as the casino, struggling with rising competition and a weak economy that’s hammered consumer spending, tries to refinance hundreds of millions of dollars in loans.
The Mohegan Tribal Gaming Authority has $505 million in loans outstanding and another $250 million due April 1, Keith Foley, an analyst at Moody’s Investors Service, recently told investors. The gaming authority, parent company of casinos in Uncasville, Conn., and Wilkes-Barre, Pa., also has about $21 million in interest payments due Feb. 15, he said.
Mohegan Sun announced this month that fourth-quarter net income rose significantly, to $46.7 million, compared with a net loss of $26.3 million in the same period in 2010. But it also said it failed to reach an agreement to refinance debt, though lenders waived a possible default.
“They get to live another day,” Foley said in an interview.
Executives at Mohegan Sun did not respond to a request for an interview.
Mohegan Sun is not alone as several Indian-run casinos — some with plans for expansion that have been put on hold — struggle to refinance debt after being caught short when the economy went into recession in December 2007.
Foxwoods Resort Casino in eastern Connecticut seeks to restructure debt, and the Mescalero Apache tribe restructured $200 million in bonds last year for casino resort property in New Mexico. A spokeswoman said Foxwoods is in debt talks, but would not provide details.
An advantage that Indian-run casinos have over their commercial counterparts is that they cannot file for bankruptcy and creditors can’t foreclose on their properties because tribal governments are sovereign, said Clyde Barrow, director of the Center for Policy Analysis at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth.
Valerie Red-Horse, an investment banker and financial adviser who worked on the Mecalero Apache deal, called it the “best model out there,” in part because it preserved the casino’s financial distributions to tribal members and tribal government while bond holders kept their stakes, she said.
Some tribes have been forced to agree to cut their distributions until debt is paid down, Red-Horse said. Making sure distributions continue is a “very delicate subject. It causes a lot of angst among tribes,” she said.
Financial problems at the casino, the Inn of the Mountain Gods, were due in part to the slowing economy and faltering tourism, she said.
Indian-run casinos expanded rapidly because they are strong economic development tools for the tribes that run the casinos, said Peter Kulick, a Lansing, Mich., tax and gaming lawyer. The businesses survived economic downturns in the 1970s and 1980s and were seen as immune to recessions, he said.
“In the last go-round, that’s not the case,” he said.
Kulick and Barrow said competition is the newest threat to casinos, even as revenue is now rising as the economy slowly improves.
“There are some real pockets of recovery going on right now,” Barrow said.
Massachusetts legalized casino gambling in November, but it will be years before the three casinos authorized will be operating.
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced this month that he would work with the Genting Group, one of the world’s largest gambling companies, to transform the Aqueduct horse track into a megaplex that would eventually include the nation’s largest convention center, 3,000 hotel rooms and a major expansion of a casino that began operating in October.
For Connecticut’s two casinos, “Aqueduct could be pretty substantial competitive pressure,” Barrow said.
“I don’t see real revenue growth for Connecticut’s casinos, he said.
Declining or stagnant revenue is bad news for Connecticut state government, which takes 25 percent of what the casinos pull in. State revenue from the two casinos reached their peak in 2007 at more than $411 million, said Kevin Lembo, Connecticut’s comptroller who tracks state revenue from all sources.
That’s declined to $342 million in the state’s budget year that ended last June 30, down $69 million, or 17 percent.
“The loss of revenue is one obvious and immediate impact for the state,” Lembo said. “What happens to jobs? What happens to future development plans? These are areas of concern for everyone at this point.”
Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman said the health of the two casinos is critical because they are destinations in southeast Connecticut, drawing tourists who also visit vineyards along the shoreline, the Mystic Aquarium and other sites.
“This is a big thing for us,” she said.
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2012年1月23日星期一
2012年1月12日星期四
The Love Affair Between Politicians And Private Equity
Image via WikipediaAs Mitt Romney knows well, private equity and politics don’t always mix well during election season. The front runner for the Republican presidential nomination has been under attack from his Republican rivals because of his private equity roots. Newt Gingrich’s super PAC is releasing a short movie that attacks Romney for controversial private equity deals. “I am totally for capitalism,” Newt Gingrich recently said, “I do draw a distinction between [it] and looting a company.” Rick Perry has called Romney’s past private equity life a form of “vulture capitalism.”
But the fact is that politicians, both Republicans and Democrats, love the private equity industry. When Romney ran Bain Capital he was constantly searching for what private equity guys like to call an exit, which means selling a company for a big return. For a long time in Washington, the richest exit has been landing at a private equity firm, or in some cases, a hedge fund that makes private equity-like investments. Romney is only unique because he moved from the buyout business into politics and not the other way around.
The recent attacks on Romney have led to the inevitable debate about whether private equity is good for America. But there can be no debate about whether private equity is good for politicians once they leave the political arena. The New York Times recently highlighted the fact that Newt Gingrich himself was on the advisory board of Forstmann Little, a pioneering private equity firm. The truth is it is tough to find a former prominent politician who has not joined the private equity club.
In addition to Clinton, there is former Vice President Dan Quayle, who is chairman for global investments at Cerberus Capital Management, where former U.S. Treasury Secretary John Snow is chairman. Evan Bayh, the former Democratic Indiana senator and governor, is a senior advisor at Apollo Global Management. Rudy Giuliani was chairman of the advisory board of a Leeds Weld private equity fund, which was partly headed by former Massachusetts Governor William Weld. That private equity firm is now known as Leeds Equity Partners and the chair of its advisory board is Colin Powell. Two former U.S. education secretaries are also there.
David Stockman, a former congressman from Michigan and Ronald Reagan’s budget director, joined a private equity shop and eventually founded his own big-time private equity firm. Things did not work out for Stockman at Heartland Industrial Partners. He was indicted in connection with his role at a failed auto parts company, even though the federal government later dropped the charges.
Blackstone, the world’s biggest private equity firm, was co-founded by Pete Peterson, who was Secretary of Commerce during the Nixon Administration. Then there is the Carlyle Group, another massive private equity firm that has long been part of Washington mythology. Former President George H. W. Bush, former Secretary of State James Baker, former Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci, former Securities & Exchange Commission Chairman Arthur Levitt, and Bill Clinton’s White House chief of staff Mack McLarty, have all worked for Carlyle.
The private equity industry is one of the most lucrative places to work in America today. Buyout barons make huge political contributions. It is really hard to see this close relationship ending anytime soon.
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2012年1月3日星期二
Financing College Costs in 2012: Smart Tips
Most likely, your 529 plan and equity in your home are still down, but tuition keeps rising. Still, there’s money out there for students who need help with college financing. Here are 12 tips to help you attend school for less in 2012.
Go to college despite the job market
The year 2011 provided several arguments to skip college — high unemployment rates, tuition hikes and a harsh job market for grads. Go anyway.
“The jobs that are growing, the industries that are growing and the markets that are going to be available to students are those that require higher education,” says Brittania Morey, spokeswoman for the Iowa College Access Network. “Students who are choosing to go to college are preparing themselves for the work world of tomorrow.”
According to a 2010 report by Georgetown University, 63% of jobs offered by 2018 will require postsecondary education. Morey says students can cut college costs by searching for scholarships early and investigating awards in their community.
Don’t eliminate yourself
The biggest mistake students make is believing they’re not eligible for college aid. A 2009 study by Finaid.org showed that 2.3 million students who would have been eligible for the federal Pell Grant missed free college cash because they didn’t apply.
While students attending pricey institutions frequently apply for aid, the likelihood is lower at cheaper schools and community colleges, says Diana Fuentes-Michel, executive director of the California Student Aid Commission.
“That’s where folks tend to believe that they wouldn’t qualify for financial aid because of the low cost,” she says.
The U.S. Department of Education reports that all students, regardless of income or financial assets, are eligible for up to $27,000 in federal Stafford Loans over four years.
File for FAFSA fast
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, qualifies students for federal grants, loans and work-study jobs as well as some private and state-sponsored awards. Filing it as close to Jan. 1 as possible maximizes your college aid eligibility, says Lynda Forster, CEO of the financial aid consulting group Collegiate Capital Corp. in Mineola, N.Y.
“Most (families) think that financial aid forms must be completed after the tax returns are done, and that is not accurate,” she says. “You cannot wait until April. All of the money is already awarded.”
Since federal grants are distributed on a first-come, first-served basis, Forster recommends that families file the form using estimates of their income and assets. If they need to change something, families can file corrections at FAFSA.ed.gov.
Choose your major carefully
From private loan-forgiveness programs to state and federal grants, there’s money available to students majoring in high-demand fields. While the federal government offers up to $4,000 per year to future educators through the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education, or TEACH, Grant Program, individual states offer similar college financing initiatives for up-and-coming teachers, nurses, fire and emergency medical technicians, public defenders, child care employees, health care workers and those pursuing jobs in other fields.
Students who know their major can check with their school’s financial aid office to see if there are awards available in their fields. Professional organizations and nonprofits, such as the National Restaurant Association and the National Environmental Health Association, also offer awards to students in specific fields of study.
Find a ‘safety’ school
Guidance counselors recommend that students apply to an academically safe school. Martha Savery, director of community outreach for the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority, recommends that students apply to a financially safe school, too.
“We always tell families (not to) self-select based on the cost that you see in the admissions material because many colleges and universities are able to provide a substantive financial aid package,” Savery says.
As of Oct. 29, all institutions that receive federal funding are required to post a net price calculator on their website that can help families estimate college costs with aid factored in, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Students also can compare net prices of different schools by income level on the NCES website.
Meet the deadlines
With more students vying for aid, there’s stiff competition for dollars. Don’t eliminate yourself by missing a deadline, Savery says.
“If your child was applying for admission to XYZ university, you would not contact that admissions office and say ‘You know, I’d like just three or four more days just to tweak my essay,’” she says. “(Families) need to look at the deadlines from a financial aid perspective in exactly the same way.”
Ask the boss
A 2010 study by Business and Legal Resources, a compliance consulting firm in Old Saybrook, Conn., showed that nearly 85% of U.S. companies offer tuition reimbursement to employees. That’s up from 52% in 2007.
There are some pretty big catches. More than 75% of employers require that course work be job-related to qualify for reimbursement. Companies also may restrict how much reimbursement employees can get, require a certain grade point average or limit reimbursement to employees at a certain job level. More than 60% of companies offering reimbursement require employees to stay with the organization after completing study.
Go federal first
Federal loans are still the cheapest student loans. Through June 30, subsidized Stafford Loans will carry a 3.4% fixed interest rate. All Stafford Loans — subsidized, unsubsidized and grad loans included — disbursed after June 30 have a 6.8% fixed interest rate, according to the Department of Education. Stafford Loans are capped at $27,000 over four years for dependent students, but Morey says that federal loans to parents can help.
Through the Parent PLUS Loan, families can borrow up to the cost of attendance minus financial aid the student has received, and they’ll only pay 7.9% in interest — a rate that’s far below those of many private loans, according to DOE.
Cap those loans
Federal student loans also can be capped at 15% of a student’s “discretionary income.” That’s defined as earnings above 150% of the poverty line. For 2011, discretionary income would include earnings above $16,335 for a family of one, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Earn less than $16,335, and the federal government won’t charge you anything for your student loan as long as your income stays below that threshold.
A double bonus is that students who make consecutive loan payments for 25 years will have their debt forgiven, according to the Oakland, Calif.-based Project on Student Debt. The time frame is reduced to 10 years for students who work in public-service professions such as teaching or social work after graduation.
Despite the tremendous potential savings, research shows that few students take advantage of the program. A White House fact sheet from October says that only about 1.3% of students with federal loans opt for income-based repayment.
Fight the hikes
Thanks to state budget cuts, tuition and fees at the average two- and four-year public institutions rose by about 7% this year, according to the College Board in New York. But in states such as Florida and California, prices at undergraduate state universities rose by 15% or more.
“The immediate kind of response to (tuition hikes) is to put it on a credit card or to look to their parents to try to get them to take a loan out,” says Fuentes-Michel.
The problem is that parents frequently can’t take on additional debt, and credit card interest rates are substantially higher than those of federal student loans. Instead of falling in the plastic trap, Fuentes-Michel recommends that students look to federal loans, private scholarships and part-time employment for college financing.
Save the right way
One of the strangest loopholes of financial aid is that how you save can impact your aid just as much as how much you save.
“Money put into a student’s name is not the place where you want to park it,” says Forster. “A student’s assets and income (are) counted much higher than a parent’s.”
While assets saved in a parent’s name can subtract up to 6 cents for every dollar from your federal need-based scholarships and grants package, every dollar of student assets takes away 20 cents, according to the White House’s National Economic Council. Money saved in a grandparent’s or relative’s name won’t count at all. However, 529 plans are one exception. Funds stored in a 529 plan in the student’s name count as parental assets, according to FinAid.org, the college financing resources website.
Reconsider 529 college savings plans
Many 529 plans lost value when the market dipped in 2008, but they’re coming back — this time with more conservative investment options. In the past two years, states including Nebraska and Indiana have added financial options insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. that allow parents to access 529 tax incentives without taking any market risks.
On top of providing federal tax-free growth, certain states also provide state tax incentives and matching grants to encourage account holders to save.
Copyright 2012, Bankrate Inc.
http://tourism9.com/
Go to college despite the job market
The year 2011 provided several arguments to skip college — high unemployment rates, tuition hikes and a harsh job market for grads. Go anyway.
“The jobs that are growing, the industries that are growing and the markets that are going to be available to students are those that require higher education,” says Brittania Morey, spokeswoman for the Iowa College Access Network. “Students who are choosing to go to college are preparing themselves for the work world of tomorrow.”
According to a 2010 report by Georgetown University, 63% of jobs offered by 2018 will require postsecondary education. Morey says students can cut college costs by searching for scholarships early and investigating awards in their community.
Don’t eliminate yourself
The biggest mistake students make is believing they’re not eligible for college aid. A 2009 study by Finaid.org showed that 2.3 million students who would have been eligible for the federal Pell Grant missed free college cash because they didn’t apply.
While students attending pricey institutions frequently apply for aid, the likelihood is lower at cheaper schools and community colleges, says Diana Fuentes-Michel, executive director of the California Student Aid Commission.
“That’s where folks tend to believe that they wouldn’t qualify for financial aid because of the low cost,” she says.
The U.S. Department of Education reports that all students, regardless of income or financial assets, are eligible for up to $27,000 in federal Stafford Loans over four years.
File for FAFSA fast
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, qualifies students for federal grants, loans and work-study jobs as well as some private and state-sponsored awards. Filing it as close to Jan. 1 as possible maximizes your college aid eligibility, says Lynda Forster, CEO of the financial aid consulting group Collegiate Capital Corp. in Mineola, N.Y.
“Most (families) think that financial aid forms must be completed after the tax returns are done, and that is not accurate,” she says. “You cannot wait until April. All of the money is already awarded.”
Since federal grants are distributed on a first-come, first-served basis, Forster recommends that families file the form using estimates of their income and assets. If they need to change something, families can file corrections at FAFSA.ed.gov.
Choose your major carefully
From private loan-forgiveness programs to state and federal grants, there’s money available to students majoring in high-demand fields. While the federal government offers up to $4,000 per year to future educators through the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education, or TEACH, Grant Program, individual states offer similar college financing initiatives for up-and-coming teachers, nurses, fire and emergency medical technicians, public defenders, child care employees, health care workers and those pursuing jobs in other fields.
Students who know their major can check with their school’s financial aid office to see if there are awards available in their fields. Professional organizations and nonprofits, such as the National Restaurant Association and the National Environmental Health Association, also offer awards to students in specific fields of study.
Find a ‘safety’ school
Guidance counselors recommend that students apply to an academically safe school. Martha Savery, director of community outreach for the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority, recommends that students apply to a financially safe school, too.
“We always tell families (not to) self-select based on the cost that you see in the admissions material because many colleges and universities are able to provide a substantive financial aid package,” Savery says.
As of Oct. 29, all institutions that receive federal funding are required to post a net price calculator on their website that can help families estimate college costs with aid factored in, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Students also can compare net prices of different schools by income level on the NCES website.
Meet the deadlines
With more students vying for aid, there’s stiff competition for dollars. Don’t eliminate yourself by missing a deadline, Savery says.
“If your child was applying for admission to XYZ university, you would not contact that admissions office and say ‘You know, I’d like just three or four more days just to tweak my essay,’” she says. “(Families) need to look at the deadlines from a financial aid perspective in exactly the same way.”
Ask the boss
A 2010 study by Business and Legal Resources, a compliance consulting firm in Old Saybrook, Conn., showed that nearly 85% of U.S. companies offer tuition reimbursement to employees. That’s up from 52% in 2007.
There are some pretty big catches. More than 75% of employers require that course work be job-related to qualify for reimbursement. Companies also may restrict how much reimbursement employees can get, require a certain grade point average or limit reimbursement to employees at a certain job level. More than 60% of companies offering reimbursement require employees to stay with the organization after completing study.
Go federal first
Federal loans are still the cheapest student loans. Through June 30, subsidized Stafford Loans will carry a 3.4% fixed interest rate. All Stafford Loans — subsidized, unsubsidized and grad loans included — disbursed after June 30 have a 6.8% fixed interest rate, according to the Department of Education. Stafford Loans are capped at $27,000 over four years for dependent students, but Morey says that federal loans to parents can help.
Through the Parent PLUS Loan, families can borrow up to the cost of attendance minus financial aid the student has received, and they’ll only pay 7.9% in interest — a rate that’s far below those of many private loans, according to DOE.
Cap those loans
Federal student loans also can be capped at 15% of a student’s “discretionary income.” That’s defined as earnings above 150% of the poverty line. For 2011, discretionary income would include earnings above $16,335 for a family of one, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Earn less than $16,335, and the federal government won’t charge you anything for your student loan as long as your income stays below that threshold.
A double bonus is that students who make consecutive loan payments for 25 years will have their debt forgiven, according to the Oakland, Calif.-based Project on Student Debt. The time frame is reduced to 10 years for students who work in public-service professions such as teaching or social work after graduation.
Despite the tremendous potential savings, research shows that few students take advantage of the program. A White House fact sheet from October says that only about 1.3% of students with federal loans opt for income-based repayment.
Fight the hikes
Thanks to state budget cuts, tuition and fees at the average two- and four-year public institutions rose by about 7% this year, according to the College Board in New York. But in states such as Florida and California, prices at undergraduate state universities rose by 15% or more.
“The immediate kind of response to (tuition hikes) is to put it on a credit card or to look to their parents to try to get them to take a loan out,” says Fuentes-Michel.
The problem is that parents frequently can’t take on additional debt, and credit card interest rates are substantially higher than those of federal student loans. Instead of falling in the plastic trap, Fuentes-Michel recommends that students look to federal loans, private scholarships and part-time employment for college financing.
Save the right way
One of the strangest loopholes of financial aid is that how you save can impact your aid just as much as how much you save.
“Money put into a student’s name is not the place where you want to park it,” says Forster. “A student’s assets and income (are) counted much higher than a parent’s.”
While assets saved in a parent’s name can subtract up to 6 cents for every dollar from your federal need-based scholarships and grants package, every dollar of student assets takes away 20 cents, according to the White House’s National Economic Council. Money saved in a grandparent’s or relative’s name won’t count at all. However, 529 plans are one exception. Funds stored in a 529 plan in the student’s name count as parental assets, according to FinAid.org, the college financing resources website.
Reconsider 529 college savings plans
Many 529 plans lost value when the market dipped in 2008, but they’re coming back — this time with more conservative investment options. In the past two years, states including Nebraska and Indiana have added financial options insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. that allow parents to access 529 tax incentives without taking any market risks.
On top of providing federal tax-free growth, certain states also provide state tax incentives and matching grants to encourage account holders to save.
Copyright 2012, Bankrate Inc.
http://tourism9.com/
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